9月28日雅思大作文示範寫作 | 是否歸還非本國博物館陳列品
掃碼諮詢2024年新航道秋季班
September 30, 2024
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本期作者:王瑜
2024年9月28日雅思大作文題目
Historical objects in museums all over the world should be returned to their country of origin. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
世界各地博物館的歷史文物應歸還原籍國。你在多大程度上同意或不同意?
範文及解析
Introduction
From Vatican Museum to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, they offer a glimpse into the history and culture of humanity, with collection from all corners of the globe. Yet, this access has been under scrutiny; a demand for repatriation continues unabated.
解析
本段譯文(translation):
毫無疑問,從梵蒂岡博物館到紐約大都會藝術博物館,它們提供了對人類歷史和文化的一瞥,因爲其收藏來自世界各地。然而,這種途徑受到越來越多質疑,伴隨遣返的要求有增無減。
不太常見的詞彙(less common lexical items):
❖ Vatican Museum 梵蒂岡博物館:位於梵蒂岡城內,由羅馬梵蒂岡大道(Viale Vaticano)可達。梵蒂岡博物館的藏品是多個世紀以來羅馬天主教會收集、積累的成果。博物館於1984年作爲梵蒂岡城一部分被列入世界文化遺產。
❖ Metropolitan Museum of Art 大都會藝術博物館:位於美國紐約州紐約市曼哈頓中央公園旁,是世界上最大的、參觀人數最多的藝術博物館之一。主建築物面積約有8公頃,展出面積有20多公頃。館藏超過二百萬件藝術品,整個博物館被劃分爲十七個館部。
❖ offer a glimpse into 提供一瞥,讓人們能夠看到或瞭解某個事物的一部分或方面。
❖ be under scrutiny 接受細察
❖ repatriation n. 遣送回國;調回本國
❖ unabated adj. 不減弱的,不衰退的
Body paragraph 1
Arguments for returning foreign relics abound, notably the sordid history of looting and pillaging them. For example, it is estimated that over 90% of Africa-origin property is housed in museums in France, Austria, Germany and Belgium. Also illegally traded were Maori’s ancestral human remains, which are resided in museums based in Germany. Rather than being an archeological specimen for research, these cultural treasures hold immense religious and sacred significance for indigenous people. In other words, keeping them in the place where they were made is akin to restitution of cultural heritage, which holds sway for rekindling previous memories. Without this collective memory, whether be in the form of wooden war gods or engraved stone panels, future generation will in all probability be left bereft, being locked in a battle for unique national identity. Returning these treasures back is also a gesture of goodwill, which is perfectly illustrated by Metropolitan Museum of Art’s return of Khmer sculptures to Cambodia and Thailand. This has ultimately advanced open dialogues on other cultural cooperation and understanding.
解析
本段譯文(translation):
關於歸還外國文物的爭論比比皆是,尤其是掠奪和掠奪這些文物的骯髒歷史。例如,據估計,法國、奧地利、德國和比利時的博物館中收藏了90%以上的非洲遺產。同樣被非法交易的還有毛利人祖先的遺骸,這些遺骸被保存在德國的博物館裡。這些文化寶藏對土著人民來說具有巨大的宗教和神聖意義,而不是僅僅作爲研究的考古標本。換句話說,將它們保存在創造它們的地方類似於丟失文化遺產的恢復,這對重新點燃以前的記憶起着重要作用。沒有這種集體記憶,無論是木製戰神還是石刻板,當地後代很可能會失去這種記憶,陷入一場民族認同之戰。歸還這些珍寶也是一種善意姿態,大都會藝術博物館將高棉雕塑歸還給柬埔寨和泰國就完美地說明了這一點。這最終推動了其他文化合作與理解的公開對話。
不太常見的詞彙(less common lexical items):
❖ relics A relic is something which was made or used a long time ago and which is kept for its historical significance. 紀念物
❖ abound v. 大量存在,有許多;富於,盛產
❖ sordid adj. 骯髒的;卑鄙的;利慾薰心的;色彩暗淡的
❖ looting and pillaging 搶劫和掠奪:指在戰爭、暴亂或災難等情況下,破壞性地搶奪財物和掠奪資源的行爲。
❖ housed 保存/放置
❖ Maori’s ancestral human remains 毛利人祖先的遺骸
❖ Resided 保存/放置
❖ Immense 巨大的
❖ religious and sacred significance 宗教和神聖的意義
❖ akin to 同類,近似
❖ restitution 恢復;賠償;歸還
❖ holds sway for 對……有影響力或控制力:指某人或某事物對某個領域或某個人有着很大的影響力或控制力。
❖ rekindle 使重新活躍;使復甦
❖ collective memory 集體記憶:指保存在一個羣體的多個成員的記憶中的共享信息池。
❖ wooden war gods 木製戰神
❖engraved 被雕刻的(engrave)
❖ bereft adj. 喪失的;被剝奪的;失去親人的
❖ a gesture of goodwill 善意的姿態:一種表達友好和善意的行爲或舉動。通常用於表示願意與他人合作、幫助或解決問題。
❖ advance 推動v.
❖ Khmer n. 高棉:是東南亞中南半島的一個印度教-佛教帝國。這個國家是今日柬埔寨的前身,現代高棉人以“柬埔寨”(កម្ពុជា)或“高棉國”(ស្រុកខ្មែរ)來稱呼自己的國家。
❖ open dialogues 開展對話
Body paragraph 2
However, there is also opposition from curators who worry that war-torn nations are ill-equipped to display and store these delicate and breakable artifacts; in addition, they are concerned about the potential illegal trade of cultural property in areas where pilferage is rampant. According to them, one’s understanding of cultural heritage could be enhanced by having a beguiling and eclectic visiting experience in state-of-the-art museums, by either a full-size replica or engaging activities. But in the majority of nations, this improvement in display has become standard, dispelling the purported worries. The financial loss of the museums that display the stolen artifacts is another argument against the proposal to disband the collection. But again, it is defiling to reap a bonanza from showcasing creations by progenitors of other ethnicities.
解析
本段譯文(translation):
然而,也有來自策展人的反對,他們擔心飽受戰爭蹂躪的國家沒有足夠的設備來展示和儲存這些脆弱易碎的文物;此外,他們還擔心在盜竊活動猖獗的地區可能存在非法交易文化財產的行爲。根據他們的說法,一個人對文化遺產的理解可以通過在最先進的博物館裡進行一次迷人而兼收不蓄的參觀體驗來增強,無論是通過全尺寸的複製品還是體驗式活動。但在大多數國家,這種展示的改進已經成爲標準,消除了此種擔憂。展示被盜文物的博物館所遭受的經濟損失是反對解散藏品提議的另一個理由。但是,從展示其他種族的祖先的作品中獲得財富實則是一種玷污。
不太常見的詞彙(less common lexical items):
❖ curators n.館長,策展人:負責管理博物館、美術館、圖書館等文化機構的收藏品和展覽的專業人員。
❖ war-torn adj. (地方)受戰爭破壞的
❖ ill-equipped 設備不足:缺乏必要的設備或資源,無法勝任某項任務或應對某種情況。
❖ delicate and breakable 脆弱易碎的
❖ cultural property 文化財產:具有文化、歷史、藝術、宗教或科學價值的物質和非物質財產,包括建築物、遺址、藝術品、手稿、書籍、考古遺物、民間傳統、語言、習俗等。
❖ pilferage n. 偷盜,行竊;贓物
❖ rampant ( of sth bad 壞事 ) existing or spreading everywhere in a way that cannot be controlled 氾濫的;猖獗的
❖ beguiling and eclectic 迷人的/兼收幷蓄的;不拘一格的
❖ state-of-the-art museums 最先進的博物館
❖ a full-size replica 全尺寸複製品
❖ dispel v. 驅散,消除(尤指感覺或信仰)
❖ purported 據稱的;傳言的
❖ disband vt. 解散;遣散
❖ defiling 褻瀆的;弄髒的;污損的
❖ reap a bonanza 獲得財富/ bonanza n. 富礦帶;帶來好運之事;幸運
❖ progenitors 先輩/祖先
Conclusion
In summary, museums can contribute to the perpetuation of past colonial damages even though they provide access to time-honored treasures through artistic expression. To remedy this, returning them to their origin owners is the only way.
解析
本段譯文(translation):
總而言之,儘管博物館通過藝術表達提供了接觸歷史悠久的寶藏的途徑,但它們仍可能有助於延續過去的殖民損害。要解決這個問題,唯一的辦法就是將它們歸還原主。
不太常見的詞彙(less common lexical items):
❖ perpetuation 延續/持續n.
❖ colonial damages 殖民破壞n.
❖ time-honored 歷史悠久的
❖ artistic expression 藝術化表達